Input Permissions
| Entity | Read (4) | Write (2) | Execute (1) | Value | Symbolic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Owner | 7 | rwx | |||
| Group | 5 | r-x | |||
| Others | 5 | r-x | |||
| Special | 0 | UID/GID/Sticky |
Special: Col 1 = SETUID (4000) | Col 2 = SETGID (2000) | Col 3 = Sticky Bit (1000)
Chmod Options / Flags
Result
Octal
755
Symbolic
rwxr-xr-x
Octal (Full 4-digit)
0755
Numeric Command
chmod 755 filename.txt
Symbolic Command
chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx filename.txt
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Octal Reference
| Octal | Permissions | Symbolic | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Read + Write + Execute | rwx | Full access |
| 6 | Read + Write | rw- | No execute |
| 5 | Read + Execute | r-x | No write |
| 4 | Read only | r-- | Read only |
| 3 | Write + Execute | -wx | No read |
| 2 | Write only | -w- | Write only |
| 1 | Execute only | --x | Execute only |
| 0 | None | --- | No permissions |
Chmod Flags Reference
-RRecursive
Apply permissions to all files and subdirectories within the target directory.
-vVerbose
Output a diagnostic message for every file processed, showing what changed.
-cChanges
Like verbose, but only reports when a change is actually made to a file.
-fSilent / Force
Suppress most error messages and continue processing even if errors occur.
SETUIDSet User ID - 4000
Executes with owner's privileges. Set with
chmod u+s file. Shown as s in owner execute bit.SETGIDSet Group ID - 2000
Executes with file group privileges. On directories, new files inherit the group. Set with
chmod g+s.StickySticky Bit - 1000
Only the file owner can delete or rename their files in a directory. Set with
chmod +t dir.--refReference File
Use another file's permissions as the mode source. Usage:
chmod --reference=src dst.